4.1 Naming Alkanes
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| 1 | Identify the longest continuous carbon chain (a.k.a. the parent chain). -If there are multiple ways to come up with the longest chain, then choose the one with the most substituents as the parent chain. |
| 2 | Number the carbons in the parent chain starting on the end closest to the first substituent. If there is a tie, then move on to the second substituent and so on until there is not a tie. -If the substituents are ALL located at the same chain locations in the parent chain when numbered in both directions, then compare the 1st substituent encountered in both directions and rank by alphabetical order. If there is a tie, then move on to the second substituent and so on until there is not a tie. |
| 3 | Identify the substituents attached to the parent chain. Carbon substituents end with the suffix -yl (methyl, ethyl, propyl, etc.). -For multiple identical substituents use the prefix di-, tri-, tetra- etc. Use the chain number (and a hyphen) as the locator before each substituent. For multiple identical substituents list all chain locators separated by commas. |
| 4 | List substituents in alphabetical order. In determining alphabetical order ignore numerical prefixes and hyphenated prefixes (tert- and sec-), but not iso and cyclo. -Use the chain number (and a hyphen) as the locator before each substituent. -For multiple identical substituents use the prefixes di-, tri-, tetra- etc. - For multiple identical substituents list all chain locators separated by commas. |
| 5 | The name ends with the name of the parent chain. There should NOT be a space between the substituents and the name of the parent chain. |
| 1 meth |
| 2 eth |
| 3 prop |
| 4 but |
| 5 pent |
| 6 hex |
| 7 hept |
| 8 oct |
| 9 non |
| 10 dec |
| 11 undec |
| 12 dodec |
Identify and number the parent chain in each of the following. Then provide the IUPAC name.
