4.2 Naming Complex Substituents

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    RULES FOR NAMING COMPLEX SUBSTITUENTS

    1 Identify the longest continuous carbon chain of the complex substituent starting with the carbon attached to the parent chain being designated #1.
    -If there are multiple ways to come up with the longest chain, then choose the one with the most substituents.
    2 Number the carbons in the longest chain starting with the carbon attached to the parent chain being designated #1.
    3 Identify the substituents attached to the longest chain.
    -For multiple identical substituents use the prefix di-, tri-, tetra- etc. Use the chain number (and a hyphen) as the locator before each substituent. For multiple identical substituents list all chain locators separated by commas.
    4 List substituents in alphabetical order. In determining alphabetical order use the first letter of the complex substituent’s name (even if it is part of a numerical prefix).
    -Use the chain number (and a hyphen) as the locator before each substituent.
    -For multiple identical substituents use the prefixes di-, tri-, tetra- etc.
    -For multiple identical substituents list all chain locators separated by commas.
    5 The name ends with the name of the longest chain with a -yl suffix. There should NOT be a space between the substituents and the name of the longest chain. The name of the complex substituent should be in parenthesis preceded by the appropriate chain locator on the parent chain.

    COMMON NAMES VS SYSTEMATIC NAMES FOR COMPLEX SUBSTITUENTS

    Structure Common Name Systematic Name
    1-methylethyl isopropyl (1-methylethyl)
    2-methylpropyl isobutyl (2-methylpropyl)
    1-methylpropyl sec-butyl (1-methylpropyl)
    1.1-dimethylethyl tert-butyl (t-butyl) (1,1-dimethylethyl)

    Naming Alkanes with Complex Substituents Practice

    (These are the examples answered in the video lesson.)

    Provide two names for each of the following:

    alkanes .10
    alkanes .11