8.5 Molecular Polarity

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Bond Polarity

Polar bonds, due to differences in electronegativity result in one atom being partially positive (𝛅+) and one partially negative (𝛅-). The larger the difference in electronegativity, the more polar the bond.

Determine the more polar bond in each pair:

C-O vs C-F               C-F vs C-Cl

electronegativity trend periodic table

Molecular Polarity

Molecules with more than 1 polar bond may be termed polar or nonpolar depending on how polar each bond is
and the geometry in which they are arranged.

 

– If the polarity of all the individual bond dipoles ‘cancel’ the molecule is nonpolar.

 

– If the polarity of all the individual dipoles do not cancel then the molecule is polar.

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