1.1 Matter and Change
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Matter
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
Atoms are the basic unit of matter.
Chemical vs Physical Change/Property
| Chemical Change/Property | Physical Change/Property | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical change - a change that involves the conversion of one or more substances into different substances | Physical change - a change in which no substances are converted into different substances | ||
| Chemical Change Burning Oxidation (nail rusting) | Chemical Properties Flammability Oxidizability | Physical Changes Phase Change (Melting, Boiling, freezing, etc.) Salt dissolving in H2O | Physical Properties Shape, color, size Phase of State |
Element vs Compound
| Elements | Compounds |
|---|---|
| Elements - a substance that can’t be broken down into a simpler substance | Compounds - a substance composed of more than one element |
| Examples Na, Si, H2, S8 Diatomics - H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2, | Examples CO2, NaCl, NaHCO3 |
Pure Substance vs Mixture
| Pure Substance | Mixtures |
|---|---|
| Pure Substances - Any single element OR any single compound | Mixtures - More than one substance (element AND/OR compound) |
| Examples O2 gas (a single element) H2O (a single compound) | Examples Air (mixture of N2, O2, CO2, and others) Salt water (mixture of NaCl and H2O) |
Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
| Homogeneous Mixture | Heterogeneous Mixture |
|---|---|
| Homogeneous Mixture - A mixture with uniform composition | Heterogeneous Mixture - A mixture lacking uniform composition |
| Examples Milk Salt water (no excess on bottom) | Examples Vinegar/oil salad dressing Paint Salt water (with excess sitting on the bottom) |
Intensive vs Extensive
| Intensive Property | Extensive Property |
|---|---|
| Intensive Property - A property independent of sample size | Extensive Property - A property dependent upon sample size |
| Examples Melting point Boiling point Density | Examples Mass Volume |