8.1 Ionic Bonding

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    IONIC vs COVALENT BONDING
    Ionic Covalent
    Between metal and nonmetal Between 2 Nonmetals
    “Transfer” of electrons “Sharing” of electrons
    Electronegativity Difference > 1.7
    Larger Difference = Greater Ionic Character


    Nonpolar - Electronegativity Difference < 0.5
    Usually between 2 of the same atom or C-H
    Polar - Electronegativity Difference 0.5 to 1.7
              - have partial ionic character
    electronegativity pauling scale

    Lattice Energy

    -The energy required to separate an ionic solid into gaseous ions

    NaCl(s) ➔ Na+(g) + Cl-(g)

    -Higher lattice energy indicates stronger ionic bonds

    LATTICE ENERGY TREND
    1. Higher for greater charges (more significant)
    2. Higher for smaller ions (less significant)

    Which has the largest lattice energy?
    LiF
    NaF
    MgO
    MgCl2

    Which has the largest lattice energy?
    NaF
    NaCl
    NaBr
    NaI

    Born-Haber Cycle

    born-haber cycle