8.1 Ionic Bonding
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| IONIC vs COVALENT BONDING | |
|---|---|
| Ionic | Covalent |
| Between metal and nonmetal | Between 2 Nonmetals |
| “Transfer” of electrons | “Sharing” of electrons |
| Electronegativity Difference > 1.7 Larger Difference = Greater Ionic Character | Nonpolar - Electronegativity Difference < 0.5Usually between 2 of the same atom or C-H |
| Polar - Electronegativity Difference 0.5 to 1.7 - have partial ionic character | |
Lattice Energy
-The energy required to separate an ionic solid into gaseous ions
NaCl(s) ➔ Na+(g) + Cl-(g)
-Higher lattice energy indicates stronger ionic bonds
| LATTICE ENERGY TREND |
|---|
| 1. Higher for greater charges (more significant) |
| 2. Higher for smaller ions (less significant) |
Which has the largest lattice energy?
LiF
NaF
MgO
MgCl2
Which has the largest lattice energy?
NaF
NaCl
NaBr
NaI
Born-Haber Cycle
