21.1 Introduction to Coordination Chemistry

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    Coordination Complexes (Metal Complexes)

    - A coordination complex has a central metal ion (Lewis acid) surrounded by ligands (Lewis bases).
    - The bond between the metal ion and ligand is called a coordinate covalent bond.
    - A ligand must have an unshared pair of electrons that will be used to form the coordinate covalent bond.
         Coordination Sphere – composed of only the ligands bonded to the central metal ion directly
         Coordination Number - number of atoms (not ligands) bound to the central metal ion

    Coordination Number Geometry Hybridization
    2 Linear sp
    4 Tetrahedral sp3
    4 Square Planar dsp2
    6 Octahedral d2sp3 or sp3d2
    coordination sphere 01

    1. If excess AgNO3 is reacted with 1 mole of [Fe(H2O)5Cl]Cl2, how many moles of AgCl will be produced?

    - Polydentate ligands bond to a central metal ion more than once.
    - Polydentate ligands are also called chelating agents.

    polydentate ligand 01
    COMMON LIGANDS
    Ligand Dentate Name Name in complexes
    H2O mono water aqua
    NH3 mono ammonia ammine
    CO mono carbon monoxide carbonyl
    F- mono fluoride ion fluoro
    Cl- mono chloride ion chloro
    Br- mono bromide ion bromo
    I- mono iodide ion iodo
    OH- mono hydroxide ion hydroxo
    O2- mono oxide ion oxo
    CN- mono cyanide ion cyano
    SCN- mono thiocyanate ion (via S) thiocyanato
    NCS- mono thiocyanate ion (via N) isothiocyanato
    common lingands 01 bi Ethylenediamine
    (en)
    Ethylenediamine
    common lingands 02 bi o-phenanthroline
    (ophen)
    o-phenanthroline
    common lingands 03 bi oxalate ion
    (ox)
    oxalato
    common lingands 04 bi carbonate ion carbonato
    common lingands 05 tri diethylenetriamine
    (dien)
    diethylenetriamine
    common lingands 06 hexa ethylenediaminetetraacetic
    acid (EDTA)
    ethylenediaminetetraacetic
    acid