21.1 Introduction to Coordination Chemistry
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Coordination Complexes (Metal Complexes)
- A coordination complex has a central metal ion (Lewis acid) surrounded by ligands (Lewis bases).
- The bond between the metal ion and ligand is called a coordinate covalent bond.
- A ligand must have an unshared pair of electrons that will be used to form the coordinate covalent bond.
Coordination Sphere – composed of only the ligands bonded to the central metal ion directly
Coordination Number - number of atoms (not ligands) bound to the central metal ion
| Coordination Number | Geometry | Hybridization |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | Linear | sp |
| 4 | Tetrahedral | sp3 |
| 4 | Square Planar | dsp2 |
| 6 | Octahedral | d2sp3 or sp3d2 |
1. If excess AgNO3 is reacted with 1 mole of [Fe(H2O)5Cl]Cl2, how many moles of AgCl will be produced?
- Polydentate ligands bond to a central metal ion more than once.
- Polydentate ligands are also called chelating agents.
| COMMON LIGANDS | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Ligand | Dentate | Name | Name in complexes |
| H2O | mono | water | aqua |
| NH3 | mono | ammonia | ammine |
| CO | mono | carbon monoxide | carbonyl |
| F- | mono | fluoride ion | fluoro |
| Cl- | mono | chloride ion | chloro |
| Br- | mono | bromide ion | bromo |
| I- | mono | iodide ion | iodo |
| OH- | mono | hydroxide ion | hydroxo |
| O2- | mono | oxide ion | oxo |
| CN- | mono | cyanide ion | cyano |
| SCN- | mono | thiocyanate ion (via S) | thiocyanato |
| NCS- | mono | thiocyanate ion (via N) | isothiocyanato |
 | bi | Ethylenediamine(en) | Ethylenediamine |
 | bi | o-phenanthroline(ophen) | o-phenanthroline |
 | bi | oxalate ion(ox) | oxalato |
 | bi | carbonate ion | carbonato |
 | tri | diethylenetriamine(dien) | diethylenetriamine |
 | hexa | ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid (EDTA) | ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid |