2.1 Atomic Structure / Theory & Introduction to the Periodic Table
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Atomic Structure
Atomic Structure - nucleus composed of protons and neutrons surrounded by an electron cloud
| Dalton | proposed his atomic theory |
|---|---|
| Thompson | discovered electrons (studied cathode rays) |
| Millikan | determined the mass & charge of an electron (oil drop experiment) |
| Rutherford | discovered the nucleus (scattering of alpha particles in thin gold foil) |
| Particle | Charge | Mass |
|---|---|---|
| Proton | +1 | 1.0728amu |
| Neutron | neutral | 1.00867amu |
| Electron | -1 | 0.000545amu |
Isotope Symbols (atomic number, mass number, isotopes)
Atomic Weight
Chlorine has two abundant isotopes; 75% have a mass of 35a.m.u, 25% have a mass of 37 a.m.u. What is the atomic mass (a.k.a atomic weight) of chlorine?
Introduction to the Periodic Table
-Distinguish between Periods (rows) and Groups (columns)
-Distinguish between Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
-Identify the most common Groups
